Austria has begun expanding checks on lorries near its eastern borders, after Europe was shocked by the discovery of 71 dead migrants in a lorry near the border with Hungary.
Hundreds more people also drowned in the Mediterranean last week, as they tried to reach Europe from Libya.
A record number of 107,500 migrants reached the EU's borders last month.
Long traffic jams built up on Hungary's major roads leading to the Austrian border, because of the extra Austrian police checks.
Queues of 30km (18 miles) were reported on the main M1 road from Budapest, as security officials searched vehicles over the border in Nickelsdorf. There were also jams further along the border at Klingenbach and Deutschkreutz.
Five people have been detained in connection with the deaths of 71 people, most of them thought to be Syrians, in a lorry found on the A4 at Parndorf.
"We will do controls for an undetermined length of time at all important border crossings in the eastern region, looking at all vehicles that have possible hiding places for trafficked people," said Austrian Interior Minister Johanna Mikl-Leitner.
The Austrian checks appear to undermine the EU's Schengen system, which normally allows unrestricted travel. But in exceptional circumstances countries can reintroduce border controls under Schengen.
The UN says the continuing conflict in Syria is a major factor behind the rise in migrant numbers.
Greece, Italy and Hungary have particularly struggled with the surge of migrants from not only Syria but the rest of the Middle East and Africa.
Next month's extraordinary meeting of EU interior ministers was announced late on Sunday by Luxembourg.
"The situation of migration phenomena outside and inside the European Union has recently taken unprecedented proportions," it said in a statement.
In July, the number of migrants that reached the EU's borders topped 100,000 for the first time - triple the number of people in July last year, according to European agency Frontex.
France-Hungary row
But there are tensions in the EU over how best to tackle the influx.France has condemned Hungary, for example, for building a razor-wire fence along its border with Serbia to deter migrants.
On Sunday French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius accused Hungary of flouting "the common values of Europe". His Hungarian counterpart Peter Szijjarto said such the criticism was "shocking and groundless".
Hungary plans to strengthen the 174km (109-mile) fence, as thousands of migrants have still managed to get through it.
UN refugee spokesman Babar Baloch was also critical of the Hungarian government's approach, complaining that they "gone out to the public trying to vilify the refugees so they portray being refugee as something the way they describe it that these people do not deserve international protection".
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